The French term Baroque likely originated from the Portuguese word barroco, which means 'rough pearl".
the year 1600 is usually given as the beginning of the era and the death of J.S.Bach in 1750 is considered the approximate end of the Baroquoe period.
Patronage of the arts refers to a person or group that supports artists, such as painters or composers, through financial or other means.
Rather than fluctuations of volume, Baroque music relied on a passage being forte, for example, followed by one that was uniformly soft, creating the effect of light and shade. this shift from one level to another has come to be known as terraced dynamics and is a characteristic of Baroque style.
Improvisational skills were highly prized in the Baroque era. The figured bass, also known as thorough-bass, was a common type of Baroque improvisation.
Figured bass is a system of musical shorthand.
Two of the greatest improvisers were J.S.Bach and Handel. Singers and players were expected to add their own embellishments, so that Baroque music sounded altogether different in performance from what it looked like on paper.
Kayboard instruments such as the harpsichord and clavichord could not sustain a note for very long, so a trill would lengthen the value of a note.
Doctrine of Affections was a philosophy that related to projecting one clear emotion for an entire movement or composition.
One of the most significant changes in all music history was the transition from medieval church modes to a system of major and minor keys.
This change to major and minor keys was possible due to equal temperament, which is a system of tuning keyboard instruments in which all semitones are spaced equally apart.
A cantata is Italian for "song", and is it based on a lyric or dramatic poem.
A cantata is generally shorter in length than an oratorio and is similar to a very short, unstaged opera.
An opera is a staged work, with costumes and sets, soloists and often a chorus, with a libretto to which the music is added. Soloists were featured in arias and were often the musical highlights in an opera.
An oratorio is a large-scale music drama that is not staged. The word oratory comes from Latin and means 'a
place to pray".
Finally, a Passion is similar to the oratorio, but the subject matter is based on the gospel account of the last days of Jesus (at Easter). the word Passion originates from the Latin passio, meaning 'suffereing'.
recitative is a type of speech-like singing which serves for dialogue or narrative and is clearly different from the arias. Arias are elaborate accompanied songs for solo voice.
All four genres- oratorios, cantatas, operas and Passions- may contain recitatives, arias, and ensemble numbers, and all have orchestral accompaniment.
In the beginning, opera was an art for the court, intended for a relatively limited public.
The work 'opera' is the plural of opus, or 'work'.
Monody is a form of speech-song taken from the Greeks, which featured a single voice supported by only simple accompaniment. the florentine camerata united these two ideas in an attempt to return to the aesthetic ideals of the Greeks. The florentine Camerata was a group of Italian artist, writers, and musicians who sought to revive the Greek drama- this led to the birth of opera.
The Florentine Camerata helped to create monody, recitative and opera.
The first true opera composer was Monteverdi, whose first opera, L'Orfeo, was performed in 1607.
Dance tunes, which are usually short and catchy, had their origins in simple folk dances. The length of each melody and the number of phrases was fixed because the dance steps depended on regularity; eight bar phrases were the most common.
The two types of concertos used in the Baroque era were the solo concerto and concerto grosso. the small group of instruments is called concertino and the entire ensemble is called tutti or the ripieno.
In the Baroque era, the concerto grosso becamae very popular- Corelli, Handel, J.S.,Bach and Vivaldi wrote hundreds. The most important i nstrument for concertos in the Baroque era was the violin and the form usually consisted of three movements- fast, slow, fast. One of the most famous sets of concerto grossos in J.S.Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, a set of six concertos which feature different instruments including the trumpet.
the year 1600 is usually given as the beginning of the era and the death of J.S.Bach in 1750 is considered the approximate end of the Baroquoe period.
Patronage of the arts refers to a person or group that supports artists, such as painters or composers, through financial or other means.
Rather than fluctuations of volume, Baroque music relied on a passage being forte, for example, followed by one that was uniformly soft, creating the effect of light and shade. this shift from one level to another has come to be known as terraced dynamics and is a characteristic of Baroque style.
Improvisational skills were highly prized in the Baroque era. The figured bass, also known as thorough-bass, was a common type of Baroque improvisation.
Figured bass is a system of musical shorthand.
Two of the greatest improvisers were J.S.Bach and Handel. Singers and players were expected to add their own embellishments, so that Baroque music sounded altogether different in performance from what it looked like on paper.
Kayboard instruments such as the harpsichord and clavichord could not sustain a note for very long, so a trill would lengthen the value of a note.
Doctrine of Affections was a philosophy that related to projecting one clear emotion for an entire movement or composition.
One of the most significant changes in all music history was the transition from medieval church modes to a system of major and minor keys.
This change to major and minor keys was possible due to equal temperament, which is a system of tuning keyboard instruments in which all semitones are spaced equally apart.
A cantata is Italian for "song", and is it based on a lyric or dramatic poem.
A cantata is generally shorter in length than an oratorio and is similar to a very short, unstaged opera.
An opera is a staged work, with costumes and sets, soloists and often a chorus, with a libretto to which the music is added. Soloists were featured in arias and were often the musical highlights in an opera.
An oratorio is a large-scale music drama that is not staged. The word oratory comes from Latin and means 'a
place to pray".
Finally, a Passion is similar to the oratorio, but the subject matter is based on the gospel account of the last days of Jesus (at Easter). the word Passion originates from the Latin passio, meaning 'suffereing'.
recitative is a type of speech-like singing which serves for dialogue or narrative and is clearly different from the arias. Arias are elaborate accompanied songs for solo voice.
All four genres- oratorios, cantatas, operas and Passions- may contain recitatives, arias, and ensemble numbers, and all have orchestral accompaniment.
In the beginning, opera was an art for the court, intended for a relatively limited public.
The work 'opera' is the plural of opus, or 'work'.
Monody is a form of speech-song taken from the Greeks, which featured a single voice supported by only simple accompaniment. the florentine camerata united these two ideas in an attempt to return to the aesthetic ideals of the Greeks. The florentine Camerata was a group of Italian artist, writers, and musicians who sought to revive the Greek drama- this led to the birth of opera.
The Florentine Camerata helped to create monody, recitative and opera.
The first true opera composer was Monteverdi, whose first opera, L'Orfeo, was performed in 1607.
Dance tunes, which are usually short and catchy, had their origins in simple folk dances. The length of each melody and the number of phrases was fixed because the dance steps depended on regularity; eight bar phrases were the most common.
The two types of concertos used in the Baroque era were the solo concerto and concerto grosso. the small group of instruments is called concertino and the entire ensemble is called tutti or the ripieno.
In the Baroque era, the concerto grosso becamae very popular- Corelli, Handel, J.S.,Bach and Vivaldi wrote hundreds. The most important i nstrument for concertos in the Baroque era was the violin and the form usually consisted of three movements- fast, slow, fast. One of the most famous sets of concerto grossos in J.S.Bach's Brandenburg Concertos, a set of six concertos which feature different instruments including the trumpet.
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